Regular consumption of yoghurt may be more beneficial than previously thought, with new research suggesting it could reduce the risk of bowel cancer by influencing the gut microbiome.

A recent study from Mass General Brigham in Boston, published in Gut Microbes, sheds light on the potential protective role of yoghurt, particularly in preventing colorectal cancer linked to specific bacteria found in the gut. The findings are based on decades of data and could lead to new dietary recommendations for cancer prevention.

A 20 percent reduction in proximal colon cancer

Colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer globally, has been on the rise, particularly among younger adults. Experts believe factors such as poor diet, high consumption of ultra-processed foods, obesity and lack of exercise contribute to the increase.

The Brigham study, which draws on data from two major U.S. cohort studies, the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), examined the health outcomes of over 150,000 participants.

By reviewing the dietary habits of participants and analysing over 3,000 cases of colorectal cancer, the researchers found that individuals who consumed two or more servings of yoghurt per week experienced a 20 percent lower incidence of proximal colorectal cancer, particularly in cases wher the tumours contained detectable levels of Bifidobacterium, a bacterial species commonly found in yoghurt.

This study underscores the growing evidence that the balance of bacteria in the gut may be crucial for maintaining colorectal health and potentially preventing cancer.

“It has long been believed that yogurt and other fermented milk products are beneficial for gastrointestinal health,” said co-senior author Tomotaka Ugai, MD, PhD, of the Department of Pathology at the Brigham.

“Our new findings suggest that this protective effect may be specific for Bifidobacterium-positive tumours.”

Potential for future research and applications

While the study found promising results, the researchers caution that more research is needed to definitively establish the connection between yoghurt consumption and cancer prevention.

“Further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential mechanisms for the effects of long-term yoghurt intake on colorectal carcinogenesis,” the authors wrote.